Post-traumatic reactions occur after exposure to traumatic events such as motor vehicle accidents, sexual assault, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and many other tragedies. During these individuals experience terror, and they often feel helpless to stop the event. In the weeks, months, and even years following a trauma, substantial changes in a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors may occur. Because such changes can be warning signs of PTSD or other serious post-trauma reactions, it is crucial for trauma survivors to be aware of how the trauma has affected them. How do you know if you or someone you love might be suffering from post-traumatic stress?

1.  Lack of interest in activities once enjoyed, in other people and the outside world

2.  Feelings of intense distress when reminded of the trauma.

3.  Inability to imagine a positive future.

4.  Physical pain that migrates throughout the body.

5.  Not seeking help to avoid discussing or thinking about the abuse.

6.  Overwhelming feelings of fear, despair, guilt or self-hatred.

7.  Any signs of depression.

8.  Trouble concentrating.

9.  Thinking the world is more dangerous than it is.

10.  Avoiding places or situations that serve as reminders.

11.  Intense physical reactions to reminders (e.g. pounding heart, rapid breathing, nausea, muscle tension, sweating).

12.  Flashback or nightmares of the abuse.

13.  Outbursts of anger, agitation or irritability.

14.  Being startled by loud noises or surprises.

15.  See, hear or smell something that triggers memory.

16.  Emotional numbness.

17.  Jittery or always on alert for danger.

18.  Not being able to trust others.

19.  Forgetting parts of traumatic events.

20.  Difficulty sleeping.